URL Class Reference
juce_core » network

Represents a URL and has a bunch of useful functions to manipulate it. More...

## Classes

class | DownloadTask
| Represents a download task. More...

## Public Types

using | OpenStreamProgressCallback = bool(void *context, int bytesSent, int totalBytes)
| This callback function can be used by the createInputStream() method. More...

## Public Member Functions

| URL ()
| Creates an empty URL. More...
| URL (const String &url)
| Creates a URL from a string. More...
| URL (const URL &)=default
URL & | operator= (const URL &)=default
| URL (URL &&)=default
URL & | operator= (URL &&)=default
| URL (File)
| Creates URL referring to a local file on your disk using the file:// scheme. More...
| ~URL ()=default
| Destructor. More...
bool | operator== (const URL &) const
| Compares two URLs. More...
bool | operator!= (const URL &) const
String | toString (bool includeGetParameters) const
| Returns a string version of the URL. More...
bool | isEmpty () const noexcept
| Returns true if the URL is an empty string. More...
bool | isWellFormed () const
| True if it seems to be valid. More...
String | getDomain () const
| Returns just the domain part of the URL. More...
String | getSubPath (bool includeGetParameters=false) const
| Returns the path part of the URL. More...
String | getQueryString () const
| If any parameters are set, returns these URL encoded, including the "?" prefix. More...
String | getScheme () const
| Returns the scheme of the URL. More...
bool | isLocalFile () const
| Returns true if this URL refers to a local file. More...
File | getLocalFile () const
| Returns the file path of the local file to which this URL refers to. More...
String | getFileName () const
| Returns the file name. More...
int | getPort () const
| Attempts to read a port number from the URL. More...
URL | withNewDomainAndPath (const String &newFullPath) const
| Returns a new version of this URL with a different domain and path. More...
URL | withNewSubPath (const String &newPath) const
| Returns a new version of this URL with a different sub-path. More...
URL | getParentURL () const
| Attempts to return a URL which is the parent folder containing this URL. More...
URL | getChildURL (const String &subPath) const
| Returns a new URL that refers to a sub-path relative to this one. More...
URL | withParameter (const String &parameterName, const String &parameterValue) const
| Returns a copy of this URL, with a GET or POST parameter added to the end. More...
URL | withParameters (const StringPairArray &parametersToAdd) const
| Returns a copy of this URL, with a set of GET or POST parameters added. More...
URL | withFileToUpload (const String &parameterName, const File &fileToUpload, const String &mimeType) const
| Returns a copy of this URL, with a file-upload type parameter added to it. More...
URL | withDataToUpload (const String &parameterName, const String &filename, const MemoryBlock &fileContentToUpload, const String &mimeType) const
| Returns a copy of this URL, with a file-upload type parameter added to it. More...
const StringArray & | getParameterNames () const noexcept
| Returns an array of the names of all the URL's parameters. More...
const StringArray & | getParameterValues () const noexcept
| Returns an array of the values of all the URL's parameters. More...
URL | withPOSTData (const String &postData) const
| Returns a copy of this URL, with a block of data to send as the POST data. More...
URL | withPOSTData (const MemoryBlock &postData) const
| Returns a copy of this URL, with a block of data to send as the POST data. More...
String | getPostData () const
| Returns the data that was set using withPOSTData(). More...
const MemoryBlock & | getPostDataAsMemoryBlock () const noexcept
| Returns the data that was set using withPOSTData() as MemoryBlock. More...
bool | launchInDefaultBrowser () const
| Tries to launch the system's default browser to open the URL. More...
InputStream * | createInputStream (bool doPostLikeRequest, OpenStreamProgressCallback *progressCallback=nullptr, void *progressCallbackContext=nullptr, String extraHeaders={}, int connectionTimeOutMs=0, StringPairArray *responseHeaders=nullptr, int *statusCode=nullptr, int numRedirectsToFollow=5, String httpRequestCmd={}) const
| Attempts to open a stream that can read from this URL. More...
OutputStream * | createOutputStream () const
| Attempts to open an output stream to a URL for writing. More...
DownloadTask * | downloadToFile (const File &targetLocation, String extraHeaders=String(), DownloadTask::Listener *listener=nullptr, bool usePostCommand=false)
| Download the URL to a file. More...
bool | readEntireBinaryStream (MemoryBlock &destData, bool usePostCommand=false) const
| Tries to download the entire contents of this URL into a binary data block. More...
String | readEntireTextStream (bool usePostCommand=false) const
| Tries to download the entire contents of this URL as a string. More...
std::unique_ptr< XmlElement > | readEntireXmlStream (bool usePostCommand=false) const
| Tries to download the entire contents of this URL and parse it as XML. More...

## Static Public Member Functions

static bool | isProbablyAWebsiteURL (const String &possibleURL)
| Takes a guess as to whether a string might be a valid website address. More...
static bool | isProbablyAnEmailAddress (const String &possibleEmailAddress)
| Takes a guess as to whether a string might be a valid email address. More...
static String | addEscapeChars (const String &stringToAddEscapeCharsTo, bool isParameter, bool roundBracketsAreLegal=true)
| Adds escape sequences to a string to encode any characters that aren't legal in a URL. More...
static String | removeEscapeChars (const String &stringToRemoveEscapeCharsFrom)
| Replaces any escape character sequences in a string with their original character codes. More...
static URL | createWithoutParsing (const String &url)
| Returns a URL without attempting to remove any embedded parameters from the string. More...

## Friends

void | setURLBookmark (URL &, void *)
void * | getURLBookmark (URL &)

## Detailed Description

Represents a URL and has a bunch of useful functions to manipulate it.

This class can be used to launch URLs in browsers, and also to create InputStreams that can read from remote http or ftp sources.

## Member Typedef Documentation

## OpenStreamProgressCallback

using URL::OpenStreamProgressCallback = bool (void* context, int bytesSent, int totalBytes)

This callback function can be used by the createInputStream() method.

It allows your app to receive progress updates during a lengthy POST operation. If you want to continue the operation, this should return true, or false to abort.

## Constructor & Destructor Documentation

## URL() [1/5]

URL::URL | ( |  | ) |

Creates an empty URL.

## URL() [2/5]

URL::URL | ( | const String & | url | ) |

Creates a URL from a string.

This will parse any embedded parameters after a '?' character and store them in the list (see getParameterNames etc). If you don't want this to happen, you can use createWithoutParsing().

## URL() [3/5]

URL::URL | ( | const URL & |  | ) |

default

## URL() [4/5]

URL::URL | ( | URL && |  | ) |

default

## URL() [5/5]

URL::URL | ( | File |  | ) |

explicit

Creates URL referring to a local file on your disk using the file:// scheme.

## ~URL()

URL::~URL | ( |  | ) |

default

Destructor.

## Member Function Documentation

## operator=() [1/2]

URL& URL::operator= | ( | const URL & |  | ) |

default

## operator=() [2/2]

URL& URL::operator= | ( | URL && |  | ) |

default

## operator==()

bool URL::operator== | ( | const URL & |  | ) | const

Compares two URLs.

All aspects of the URLs must be identical for them to match, including any parameters, upload files, etc.

## operator!=()

bool URL::operator!= | ( | const URL & |  | ) | const

## toString()

String URL::toString | ( | bool | includeGetParameters | ) | const

Returns a string version of the URL.

If includeGetParameters is true and any parameters have been set with the withParameter() method, then the string will have these appended on the end and url-encoded.

## isEmpty()

bool URL::isEmpty | ( |  | ) | const

noexcept

Returns true if the URL is an empty string.

## isWellFormed()

bool URL::isWellFormed | ( |  | ) | const

True if it seems to be valid.

## getDomain()

String URL::getDomain | ( |  | ) | const

Returns just the domain part of the URL.

E.g. for "http://www.xyz.com/foobar", this will return "www.xyz.com".

## getSubPath()

String URL::getSubPath | ( | bool | includeGetParameters = `false` | ) | const

Returns the path part of the URL.

E.g. for "http://www.xyz.com/foo/bar?x=1", this will return "foo/bar".

If includeGetParameters is true and any parameters have been set with the withParameter() method, then the string will have these appended on the end and url-encoded.

## getQueryString()

String URL::getQueryString | ( |  | ) | const

If any parameters are set, returns these URL encoded, including the "?" prefix.

## getScheme()

String URL::getScheme | ( |  | ) | const

Returns the scheme of the URL.

E.g. for "http://www.xyz.com/foobar", this will return "http". (It won't include the colon).

## isLocalFile()

bool URL::isLocalFile | ( |  | ) | const

Returns true if this URL refers to a local file.

## getLocalFile()

File URL::getLocalFile | ( |  | ) | const

Returns the file path of the local file to which this URL refers to.

If the URL does not represent a local file URL (i.e. the URL's scheme is not 'file') then this method will assert.

This method also supports converting Android's content:// URLs to local file paths.

See also
  isLocalFile

## getFileName()

String URL::getFileName | ( |  | ) | const

Returns the file name.

For all but Android's content:// scheme, it will simply return the last segment of the URL. E.g. for "http://www.xyz.com/foo/bar.txt", this will return "bar.txt".

For Android's content:// scheme, it will attempt to resolve the filename located under the URL.

## getPort()

int URL::getPort | ( |  | ) | const

Attempts to read a port number from the URL.

Returns
  the port number, or 0 if none is explicitly specified.

## withNewDomainAndPath()

URL URL::withNewDomainAndPath | ( | const String & | newFullPath | ) | const

Returns a new version of this URL with a different domain and path.

E.g. if the URL is "http://www.xyz.com/foo?x=1" and you call this with "abc.com/zzz", it'll return "http://abc.com/zzz?x=1".

See also
  withNewSubPath

## withNewSubPath()

URL URL::withNewSubPath | ( | const String & | newPath | ) | const

Returns a new version of this URL with a different sub-path.

E.g. if the URL is "http://www.xyz.com/foo?x=1" and you call this with "bar", it'll return "http://www.xyz.com/bar?x=1".

See also
  withNewDomainAndPath

## getParentURL()

URL URL::getParentURL | ( |  | ) | const

Attempts to return a URL which is the parent folder containing this URL.

If there isn't a parent, this method will just return a copy of this URL.

## getChildURL()

URL URL::getChildURL | ( | const String & | subPath | ) | const

Returns a new URL that refers to a sub-path relative to this one.

E.g. if the URL is "http://www.xyz.com/foo" and you call this with "bar", it'll return "http://www.xyz.com/foo/bar". Note that there's no way for this method to know whether the original URL is a file or directory, so it's up to you to make sure it's a directory. It also won't attempt to be smart about the content of the childPath string, so if this string is an absolute URL, it'll still just get bolted onto the end of the path.

See also
  File::getChildFile

## withParameter()

URL URL::withParameter | ( | const String & | parameterName,
|  | const String & | parameterValue
| ) |  | const

Returns a copy of this URL, with a GET or POST parameter added to the end.

Any control characters in the value will be encoded. e.g. calling "withParameter ("amount", "some fish") for the url "www.fish.com" would produce a new url whose toString(true) method would return "www.fish.com?amount=some+fish".

See also
  getParameterNames, getParameterValues

## withParameters()

URL URL::withParameters | ( | const StringPairArray & | parametersToAdd | ) | const

Returns a copy of this URL, with a set of GET or POST parameters added.

This is a convenience method, equivalent to calling withParameter for each value.

See also
  withParameter

## withFileToUpload()

URL URL::withFileToUpload | ( | const String & | parameterName,
|  | const File & | fileToUpload,
|  | const String & | mimeType
| ) |  | const

Returns a copy of this URL, with a file-upload type parameter added to it.

When performing a POST where one of your parameters is a binary file, this lets you specify the file.

Note that the filename is stored, but the file itself won't actually be read until this URL is later used to create a network input stream. If you want to upload data from memory, use withDataToUpload().

See also
  withDataToUpload

## withDataToUpload()

URL URL::withDataToUpload | ( | const String & | parameterName,
|  | const String & | filename,
|  | const MemoryBlock & | fileContentToUpload,
|  | const String & | mimeType
| ) |  | const

Returns a copy of this URL, with a file-upload type parameter added to it.

When performing a POST where one of your parameters is a binary file, this lets you specify the file content. Note that the filename parameter should not be a full path, it's just the last part of the filename.

See also
  withFileToUpload

## getParameterNames()

const StringArray& URL::getParameterNames | ( |  | ) | const

noexcept

Returns an array of the names of all the URL's parameters.

E.g. for the url "www.fish.com?type=haddock&amount=some+fish", this array would contain two items: "type" and "amount".

You can call getParameterValues() to get the corresponding value of each parameter. Note that the list can contain multiple parameters with the same name.

See also
  getParameterValues, withParameter

## getParameterValues()

const StringArray& URL::getParameterValues | ( |  | ) | const

noexcept

Returns an array of the values of all the URL's parameters.

E.g. for the url "www.fish.com?type=haddock&amount=some+fish", this array would contain two items: "haddock" and "some fish".

The values returned will have been cleaned up to remove any escape characters.

You can call getParameterNames() to get the corresponding name of each parameter. Note that the list can contain multiple parameters with the same name.

See also
  getParameterNames, withParameter

## withPOSTData() [1/2]

URL URL::withPOSTData | ( | const String & | postData | ) | const

Returns a copy of this URL, with a block of data to send as the POST data.

If you're setting the POST data, be careful not to have any parameters set as well, otherwise it'll all get thrown in together, and might not have the desired effect.

If the URL already contains some POST data, this will replace it, rather than being appended to it.

This data will only be used if you specify a post operation when you call createInputStream().

## withPOSTData() [2/2]

URL URL::withPOSTData | ( | const MemoryBlock & | postData | ) | const

Returns a copy of this URL, with a block of data to send as the POST data.

If you're setting the POST data, be careful not to have any parameters set as well, otherwise it'll all get thrown in together, and might not have the desired effect.

If the URL already contains some POST data, this will replace it, rather than being appended to it.

This data will only be used if you specify a post operation when you call createInputStream().

## getPostData()

String URL::getPostData | ( |  | ) | const

Returns the data that was set using withPOSTData().

## getPostDataAsMemoryBlock()

const MemoryBlock& URL::getPostDataAsMemoryBlock | ( |  | ) | const

noexcept

Returns the data that was set using withPOSTData() as MemoryBlock.

## launchInDefaultBrowser()

bool URL::launchInDefaultBrowser | ( |  | ) | const

Tries to launch the system's default browser to open the URL.

Returns true if this seems to have worked.

## isProbablyAWebsiteURL()

static bool URL::isProbablyAWebsiteURL | ( | const String & | possibleURL | ) |

static

Takes a guess as to whether a string might be a valid website address.

This isn't foolproof!

## isProbablyAnEmailAddress()

static bool URL::isProbablyAnEmailAddress | ( | const String & | possibleEmailAddress | ) |

static

Takes a guess as to whether a string might be a valid email address.

This isn't foolproof!

## createInputStream()

InputStream* URL::createInputStream | ( | bool | doPostLikeRequest,
|  | OpenStreamProgressCallback * | progressCallback = `nullptr`,
|  | void * | progressCallbackContext = `nullptr`,
|  | String | extraHeaders = `{}`,
|  | int | connectionTimeOutMs = `0`,
|  | StringPairArray * | responseHeaders = `nullptr`,
|  | int * | statusCode = `nullptr`,
|  | int | numRedirectsToFollow = `5`,
|  | String | httpRequestCmd = `{}`
| ) |  | const

Attempts to open a stream that can read from this URL.

Note that this method will block until the first byte of data has been received or an error has occurred.

Note that on some platforms (Android, for example) it's not permitted to do any network action from the message thread, so you must only call it from a background thread.

Unless the URL represents a local file, this method returns an instance of a WebInputStream. You can use dynamic_cast to cast the return value to a WebInputStream which allows you more fine-grained control of the transfer process.

If the URL represents a local file, then this method simply returns a FileInputStream.

Parameters

  doPostLikeRequest | if true, the parameters added to this class will be transferred via the HTTP headers which is typical for POST requests. Otherwise the parameters will be added to the URL address. Additionally, if the parameter httpRequestCmd is not specified (or empty) then this parameter will determine which HTTP request command will be used (POST or GET).
  progressCallback | if this is not a nullptr, it lets you supply a callback function to keep track of the operation's progress. This can be useful for lengthy POST operations, so that you can provide user feedback.
  progressCallbackContext | if a callback is specified, this value will be passed to the function
  extraHeaders | if not empty, this string is appended onto the headers that are used for the request. It must therefore be a valid set of HTML header directives, separated by newlines.
  connectionTimeOutMs | if 0, this will use whatever default setting the OS chooses. If a negative number, it will be infinite. Otherwise it specifies a time in milliseconds.
  responseHeaders | if this is non-null, all the (key, value) pairs received as headers in the response will be stored in this array
  statusCode | if this is non-null, it will get set to the http status code, if one is known, or 0 if a code isn't available
  numRedirectsToFollow | specifies the number of redirects that will be followed before returning a response (ignored for Android which follows up to 5 redirects)
  httpRequestCmd | Specify which HTTP Request to use. If this is empty, then doPostRequest will determine the HTTP request.

Returns
  an input stream that the caller must delete, or a null pointer if there was an error trying to open it.

## createOutputStream()

OutputStream* URL::createOutputStream | ( |  | ) | const

Attempts to open an output stream to a URL for writing.

This method can only be used for certain scheme types such as local files and content:// URIs on Android.

## downloadToFile()

DownloadTask* URL::downloadToFile | ( | const File & | targetLocation,
|  | String | extraHeaders = `String()`,
|  | DownloadTask::Listener * | listener = `nullptr`,
|  | bool | usePostCommand = `false`
| ) |  |

Download the URL to a file.

This method attempts to download the URL to a given file location.

Using this method to download files on mobile is less flexible but more reliable than using createInputStream or WebInputStreams as it will attempt to download the file using a native OS background network task. Such tasks automatically deal with network re-connections and continuing your download while your app is suspended.

## readEntireBinaryStream()

bool URL::readEntireBinaryStream | ( | MemoryBlock & | destData,
|  | bool | usePostCommand = `false`
| ) |  | const

Tries to download the entire contents of this URL into a binary data block.

If it succeeds, this will return true and append the data it read onto the end of the memory block.

Note that on some platforms (Android, for example) it's not permitted to do any network action from the message thread, so you must only call it from a background thread.

Parameters

  destData | the memory block to append the new data to
  usePostCommand | whether to use a POST command to get the data (uses a GET command if this is false)

See also
  readEntireTextStream, readEntireXmlStream

## readEntireTextStream()

String URL::readEntireTextStream | ( | bool | usePostCommand = `false` | ) | const

Tries to download the entire contents of this URL as a string.

If it fails, this will return an empty string, otherwise it will return the contents of the downloaded file. If you need to distinguish between a read operation that fails and one that returns an empty string, you'll need to use a different method, such as readEntireBinaryStream().

Note that on some platforms (Android, for example) it's not permitted to do any network action from the message thread, so you must only call it from a background thread.

Parameters

  usePostCommand | whether to use a POST command to get the data (uses a GET command if this is false)

See also
  readEntireBinaryStream, readEntireXmlStream

## readEntireXmlStream()

std::unique_ptr<XmlElement> URL::readEntireXmlStream | ( | bool | usePostCommand = `false` | ) | const

Tries to download the entire contents of this URL and parse it as XML.

If it fails, or if the text that it reads can't be parsed as XML, this will return nullptr.

When it returns a valid XmlElement object, the caller is responsible for deleting this object when no longer needed.

Note that on some platforms (Android, for example) it's not permitted to do any network action from the message thread, so you must only call it from a background thread.

Parameters

  usePostCommand | whether to use a POST command to get the data (uses a GET command if this is false)

See also
  readEntireBinaryStream, readEntireTextStream

## addEscapeChars()

static String URL::addEscapeChars | ( | const String & | stringToAddEscapeCharsTo,
|  | bool | isParameter,
|  | bool | roundBracketsAreLegal = `true`
| ) |  |

static

Adds escape sequences to a string to encode any characters that aren't legal in a URL.

E.g. any spaces will be replaced with "%20".

This is the opposite of removeEscapeChars().

Parameters

  stringToAddEscapeCharsTo | The string to escape.
  isParameter | If true then the string is going to be used as a parameter, so it also encodes '$' and ',' (which would otherwise be legal in a URL.
  roundBracketsAreLegal | Technically round brackets are ok in URLs, however, some servers (like AWS) also want round brackets to be escaped.

See also
  removeEscapeChars

## removeEscapeChars()

static String URL::removeEscapeChars | ( | const String & | stringToRemoveEscapeCharsFrom | ) |

static

Replaces any escape character sequences in a string with their original character codes.

E.g. any instances of "%20" will be replaced by a space.

This is the opposite of addEscapeChars().

See also
  addEscapeChars

## createWithoutParsing()

static URL URL::createWithoutParsing | ( | const String & | url | ) |

static

Returns a URL without attempting to remove any embedded parameters from the string.

This may be necessary if you need to create a request that involves both POST parameters and parameters which are embedded in the URL address itself.

## Friends And Related Function Documentation

## setURLBookmark

void setURLBookmark | ( | URL & | ,
|  | void * |
| ) |  |

friend

## getURLBookmark

void* getURLBookmark | ( | URL & |  | ) |

friend

The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:

- juce_URL.h